Energy Policy 21, 648656 (1994). The same argument can also be made for the increase in CO2 emissions and the resulting environmental pollution in these countries. 9, 8598 (2005). Tips for Recycling and Disposal, 9 Ways To Save Electricity At Work & Reduce Energy Consumption. The PubMed wordmark and PubMed logo are registered trademarks of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). According to these researchers, ICT-based wireless information exchange possibilities have changed the way newspapers are read and the patterns of business travels, leading to higher energy conservation. Kurzweil, R. The Singularity Is Near: When Humans Transcend Biology (Viking, 2005). Additionally, virtual mobility technologies won't generate significant transport savings unless policies are introduced to support them. Therefore, ICT was found to have a generally negative (favorable) impact on environmental degradation in these countries. Regarding energy use, it is important to not neglect the effect of population age structure. ICT and the Demand for Energy: Evidence from OECD Countries. The first main reason is that-the relationship between ICTs and the environment is a new field. In this study, this measurement was done in terms of the ICT Development Index (IDI), which was first introduced in the 2009 edition of the book Measuring the Information Society. However, this valuable industry has a negative side too and that is its contribution towards the GHGs emission. One of the limitations of this study was that it did not consider how the characteristics of each country affect the impact of ICT on its environment. ICT has a growing "carbon footprint" arising from greenhouse gases (GHG) released from all its life cycle stages. Choose technology you can repair rather than things that will break and no longer function after a period of time. These tools include navigation and travel information, traffic management and control, demand and access management, and advanced driver assistance systems. (2011). Mensah, A. K. , Mahiri, I. O. , Owusu, O. , Mireku, O. D. , Wireko, I. , & Kissi, E. A. Journal of Organizational Computing and Electronic Commerce, 15(1), 61-82. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1207/s15327744joce1501_4, Gelenbe, E., & Caseau, Y. Non-Biodegradable: Means when substances are not dissolved in nature by natural forces such as glass and plastic. J. Indust. (2007). "ICT and the environment". government site. Governments can also enhance the impact of ICT at the public level by creating programs that raise public awareness about environmental issues and their consequences or facilitate public access to modern technologies with less environmental impacts. 2010;161:132-8. Review of Economic Perspectives, 19(4), 345-364. Regarding the relationship between GDP and energy consumption, the results of this study are consistent with the finding of Narayan et al. Social and Cultural impact of ICT | OER Commons Table 9. Your booklet {{ title }} generated on {{ timestamp }} is available for download. In other words, this index has a negative effect on total CO2 emissions, CO2 emissions from solid fuel consumption, CO2 emission damage, particulate emission damage, and energy consumption in these countries. Recent years have seen a remarkable improvement in ICT penetration in the majority of countries across the world regardless of their income levels. Also, the rising living standards and industrial growth in these countries and the resulting GDP improvement have led to more widespread adoption of energy-intensive consumption patterns. Industrial Ecology and Sustainable Engineering 3rd edn (Prentice-Hall, 2009). is available for download. Hilty, L. Information Technology and Sustainability: Essays on the Relationship (Books on Demand, 2008). Google Scholar. Press, 1998). LBNL-41724 (Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1999). However, the IDI data of the studied countries showed a negative relationship between their IDI and their CO2 emissions. Please enable it to take advantage of the complete set of features! OER Commons. The results of the study showed that the ICT industry has a positive (reducing) impact on CO2 emissions and this impact is greater in central China than in the east and is relatively negligible in the west. In this study, the long-term relationships were tested using the Pedroni Panel Cointegration method, and ultimately a seemingly unrelated regression equation model was used to investigate the effect of demographic indicators on environmental factors. Golisano Institute of Sustainability, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, 14623, New York, USA, You can also search for this author in (2016), these researchers investigated the factors that influence CO2 emission reduction by examining the complex relationship between ICT, climate change, and society using the knowledge-implementation-effect (KIE) cycle. Digitalization and environment: how does ICT affect enterprise J. Infrastruct. Positive impacts can come from dematerialization andonline delivery, transport and travel substitution, a host of monitoring and managementapplications, greater energy efficiency in production and use, and product stewardship andrecycling. Also, with the introduction of new industries to countries, especially developing countries, it is reasonable to expect an increase in the energy consumption of their industrial sectors. Hendrickson, C., Lave, L. & Matthews, S. Environmental Life Cycle Assessment of Goods and Services: An InputOutput Approach (RFF Press, 2006). A case study of the relationship between smallholder farmers' ICT literacy levels and demographic data wrt their use and adoption of ICT for weather forecasting. Some governments have already introduced schemes to tackle these challenges as part of their economic stimulation packages, such as Australia, Germany, and USA. Symp. Right to Repair: What's it all About and Why it Matters, Environmental Impact Of Battery Production And Disposal, Importance Of E-Waste Recycling & How To Reduce Electronic Waste, What to do With Old Cell Phones? This study reported that in .approximately 59% of the examined countries, energy consumption had a statistically significant positive long-term effect on real GDP, and in about 61% of them, real GDP had a statistically significant positive long-term effect on energy consumption. Sci. Carbon-economic inequality in global ICT trade. (2014), these researchers provided an integrated framework for the environmental design and assessment of ICT-based optimization services at three levels of equipment, infrastructure, and information and introduced such an optimization service for municipal waste collection at the city level. Graedel, T. & Allenby, B. Create a standalone learning module, lesson, assignment, assessment or activity, Submit OER from the web for review by our librarians, Please log in to save materials. The answer to the question that which of these tests is more appropriate depends on the number of sections and time series in the research. The positive sign of the multiplier of GDP in Models 1 to 5 indicates that it has a significant positive effect on the dependent variables of these equations. TASK_ID_PLACEHOLDER Decomposition of energy consumption and its decoupling with economic growth in the global agricultural industry. Are we aware of various negative impact it may cause to us ?Do you all agree to the following points:Online communication can be impersonal therefore we can loose the rewarding experience of in-person human connections.The illusion of being in control and hiding behind online messages vs. discussing difficult issues in person.Inability of truly . Governments can also contribute to reducing energy consumption and emissions by promoting online exchanges and reducing restrictions on the import of modern equipment and technologies that facilitate such processes. This paper recommends the following policies for progress in this area. The interaction of ICTs and the natural environment can be categorized at three levels: direct impacts, enabling impacts and systemic impacts, going from the most easily understood to the widest impacts (see Figure 1). ICTs are a contributor to the environmental damage. Green Design Institute, Carnegie Mellon University. Would you like email updates of new search results? The third category of effects, which are known as systemic (rebound) impacts, refers to the mostly negative outcomes that follow the direct or indirect impacts of ICT on the environment (e.g. This global forecast predicts that the developing world will dispose of more computers than the developed world from 201618 onwards. These researchers reported that the increase in cement production output is the most important cause of increasing energy consumption in the industry, whereas clinker share decline and structural shifts are the main causes of the decrease in energy consumption (the same is also true for CO2 emissions). & Dornfeld, D. Life-cycle assessment of computational logic produced from 1995 through 2010. In conclusion, therefore, the report argues that: 'If ICTs are to enable a decrease in absolute energy consumption, policy must be designed so that it promotes the environmentally positive impacts of ICTs, whilst inhibiting the negative ones.' Handbook Environ. Mapping anthropogenic mineral generation in China and its implications for a circular economy. Improving environmental performance, reducing GHGs and tackling global warming are high on the list of global challenges that must be addressed urgently by governments, industries, businesses, and individuals alike. In IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science (Vol. The relationship between ICTs and the environment is complex and multifaceted, as ICTs canplay both positive and negative roles. Emerging anthropogenic circularity science: principles, practices, and challenges. Nature PDF Measuring the Impacts of Information and Communication - UNCTAD In a study by Mehrara (2014) the relationship between environment, economic growth, and openness in Iran from 1970 to 2011 was investigated using the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) method. Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content: Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. Econ. (2020) confirmed the increase in the energy consumption of the agriculture industry. If there are fewer time series than sections, the Pesaran test of cross-sectional independence will be more suitable; otherwise, it is better to use the other test (Pesaran, 2004). Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 44, 12-19.https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1364032114010636, Zhou, W., Zhu, B., Li, Q., Ma, T., Hu, S., & Griffy-Brown, C. (2010). Information and Communications Technologies. ICT gives communities a powerful tool to protect the environment around them. Sending them back to manufacturers. Telematics Inform 29(2):204-210. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 146, 212-217.https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0040162518307534, Arellano, M., & Bond, S. (1991). FOIA For certain countries, it might be advantageous to focus exclusively on acquiring modern industrial and energy generation technologies and implementing green ICT projects. Energy consumption and CO2 emissions in China's cement industry: A perspective from LMDI decomposition analysis. But there was no such relationship in Eastern Europe, as the population was mostly declining. ICT can affect the emission of CO2 and other pollutants indirectly by affecting energy consumption levels. 42, 64466454 (2008). eCollection 2022 Dec 22. Ameyaw & Yao (2018) also reported a one-way causality relationship between GDP and CO2 emissions. Bookshelf The Lagrange multiplier test and its applications to model specification in econometrics. According to (Climate hot map organisation, 2001; and union of concerned scientists organisation, 2001) the signs of global warming are as follow; rise of sea level, melting of glaciers and increase in average temperature of earths atmosphere. (2015). Nature (Nature) In panel data econometrics, it is generally assumed that there is cross-sectional independence between the available data. Employment and the environment - The impact of ICT on society - BBC In a study by Chowdhury (2012), it was shown that proper use of ICT can reduce the GHG emissions of commercial and service sectors. This is not only so because of its operational usage but more so because of the electronic waste generated at the end of the useful lifecycle of an ICT gadget. Nordbrand, S. Out of control: E-waste trade flows from the EU to developing countries (SwedWatch, 2009). ICT and environmental sustainability: A global perspective. This study also showed how Green Information Technology (Green IT) and cloud computing technologies can be used to optimize the use of ICT and ultimately reduce GHG emissions through an environment-friendly information retrieval (IR) system. Environmental impact of information and communication technologies including rebound effects. Unauthorized use of these marks is strictly prohibited. The model estimation method used in this paper is the dynamic panel data method. This study also showed the direct and indirect positive effects of ICT on CO2 emissions. During the use phase of ICT hardware, energy consumption impacts the environment. The relationship of ICT with the environment is a complex and multidimensional issue. Subartini et al. According to non-interactive regressions, ICT has no significant effect on CO2 emissions in Africa, ICT increases government spending on environmental protection and communications, The manufacturing and use of ICT devices account for 1-3% of global GHG emissions, There is an inverse relationship between the penetration of radio receivers and landlines and CO2 emissions, The undesirable impact of ICT on the emission of pollutants, including CO2, is greater in developing countries, There is an inverse relationship between ICT and CO2 emissions over the next 50 years, Investments in ICT in developing countries increase CO2 emissions, ICT reduces GHG emission of commercial and service sectors, ICT has less impact on reducing CO2 emissions in developing countries than in developed countries, ICT reduces CO2 emissions by decreasing vehicle use, The lack of knowledge is an obstacle to the sustainable use of ICT to reduce CO2 emissions, ICT industry reduces CO2 emissions in China, ICT has a negligible impact on CO2 emissions, The development of the ICT sector leads to reduced CO2 emissions in both developed and developing countries, Two indicators of ICT have an impact on the increase in CO2 emissions and deterioration of environmental quality, According to interactive regressions, ICT reduces CO2 emissions in Africa, An insignificant relationship between ICT and CO2 and SOX emissions, Environmental adaptability of the ICT sector in terms of reducing the effects of CO2 emissions, Developing a strong ICT sector with high levels of human capital reduces CO2 emissions, Using ICT to build smart grids reduces CO2 emissions, The use of energy-efficient ICT devices in emerging economies reduces their CO2 emissions, Impacts of ICT on energy cost and consumption, Wireless information technologies reduce energy consumption, ICT reduces energy loss in the manufacturing, construction, and transportation sectors, There is a significant positive relationship between ICT and electricity consumption, ICT reduces energy loss by creating intelligent networks and automated lighting, heating, and cooling management systems, The use of ICT products plays a notable role in global energy consumption and global warming, ICT reduce electricity consumption, improve energy efficiency and reduce GHG emissions by changing the pattern of household energy consumption, 1) There is a negative relationship between ICT and electrical energy demand, 2) There is a negative relationship between ICT and non-electrical energy demand, ICT has a significant negative impact on short-term energy consumption in China, Impacts of ICT on ecology and agriculture, ICT enables the wasteful use of paper in printers, Support for the eco-friendly design of ICT-based optimization services, 1) Incineration of ICT devices will release dangerous compounds, 1) ICT contributes to the growth of the agricultural sector, 2) ICT gives farmers valuable information about the agricultural sector, Improper recycling of ICT devices cause significant environmental pollution in developing countries, 1) ICT provides real-time access to information about market demand in the agricultural sector, 2) ICT provides information about long-term market trends in the agricultural sector. Under energy saving, the report draws a distinction between 'hard' measures that can only be applied to the small numbers of buildings that are newly built or renovated annually, and 'soft' measures that are, in principle, applicable to every building 'Although it is highly uncertain under what conditions 'soft' measures supported by ICTs (such as intelligent heating systems) operate effectively and satisfactorily for users, this issue deserves consideration because of the high levels of energy consumed,' the report argues. arXiv preprint arXiv:2102.02622.https://arxiv.org/abs/2102.02622, Gay, R. H., Davis, R. A., Phillips, D. T., & Sui, D. Z. Therefore, future studies can expand on this research by conducting their analyses for individual countries in order to gain better insights into the effectiveness of policies at this level. New research into the potential impact of information and communication technologies (ICTs) on environmental sustainability has concluded that they could have a positive or a negative effect, depending on the design of supporting policies. Considering this effect of ICT on environmental degradation and pollution, governments are recommended to pursue their energy consumption and emission objectives by promoting the use of ICT in the environmental sector and the implementation of green ICT projects. Helpman, E. General Purpose Technologies and Economic Growth (Massachusetts Institut. The high energy intensity of the industrial sector in developing countries can be somewhat attributed to the low rate of technological progress towards more energy-efficient processes. In the field of business, ICT allows most purchases and transactions to be made online or electronically, which greatly reduces the need for physical transport. An 11-country median of 44% say the increasing use of the internet has had a good impact on politics, but 28% feel that impact has been largely bad - and this balance of opinion is most negative in Tunisia, Jordan and Lebanon. The effects of these technologies are holistic in the everyday life of the population of children and adolescents: they affect their schooling, physical and mental health, entertainment, socio-cultural development , political life, among other aspects. People think technology impacts politics positively and negatively Also, incineration of ICT devices along with other wastes can lead to the release of hazardous compounds such as brominated dioxins and furans. HHS Vulnerability Disclosure, Help In a study by Lopez et al. The effect of population growth on the environment: evidence from European regions. As mentioned in Section 2, since the advent of ICT has changed peoples lifestyles and created many tools and opportunities for efficiency improvement, it can be expected to alleviate environmental degradation. Sci. This is evident in the fact that CO2 emission has plummeted during the COVID-19 pandemic because of increased online activity. However, the present article assumes that the implementation of ICT-based innovations and policies can have a net positive effect on the environment. ISSN 0028-0836 (print). For each percent increase in population, the dependent variables of Models 1 to 5 increase by 4.82%, 87.3%, 11.82%, 7.24%, and 2.36%, respectively, which means more environmental pollution. Matthews, H. S. & Williams, E. Telework adoption and energy use in building and transport sectors in the US and Japan. 19, 11981206 (2011). This paper examines the sustainability implications for end-of-life computers, such as informal recycling in the developing world and emissions from electronics in landfill sites. In this regard, the empirical results of a study by Hign et al. and JavaScript. Applied Energy, 87(3), 1054-1057. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0306261909003651, OECD(2001), Impacts of Information and Communication Technologies on Environmental Sustainability: Speculations and Evidence, Report to the OECD. The above table shows the effects of different factors on each of the studied environmental components and the contribution of each factor to variations with the other factors kept constant. Meanwhile, as the domestic production of countries increases, so does the demand for capital and energy consumption. How ICT can contribute to realize a sustainable society in - Springer The results of this study show that considering its inherent carbon impacts, the ICT sector is very environmentally friendly, as it can significantly reduce CO2 emissions. Additionally, they reported that nonrenewable energy consumption has a negative impact on both the economy and the environment. A study by Marin (2010) on the factors influencing the emission of pollutants in the Italian industrial sector showed a statistically insignificant relationship between ICT and CO2 and SOX emissions. 2020 Mar 25;11(1):1544. doi: 10.1038/s41467-020-15246-4. Natural Hazards, 84(1), 297-315.https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11069-016-2188-1, He, G., Xie, Y., & Zhang, B. This leads to pollution of soil, water and air in the present as well as for the future. Most directly, information and communications technology (ICT) has environmental impacts through the manufacturing, operation and disposal of devices and network equipment, but it also provides ways to mitigate energy use, for example through smart buildings and teleworking. (2020) used an empirical strategy to study the impact of Chinas highway system on GDP growth in affluent and poor villages from 1984 to 2012. During the use phase of ICT hardware, energy consumption impacts the environment. Sci. Thus, the first step of panel data econometrics is to detect cross-sectional independence in data. Positive and negative impact of ICT on society. Considering this and the dependence of industrial growth and development on the consumption of massive amounts of resources and fossil fuels, which have their own environmental impacts, ICT provides an interesting platform for the development of modern tools that experts can utilize to reduce the environmental impacts of industrial processes. Impact of ICT in Environmental Sciences: A citation analysis 19902007. Engelenburg, W., Van Rossum, M., Blok, K. & Vringer, K. Calculating the energy requirements of household purchases: a practical step by step method. There are various views and theories regarding the role of ICT in environmental changes in terms of energy consumption and emissions, some of which will be discussed in the following section along with the existing empirical evidence. ADS According to the results of Table 12, an improvement in IDI helps improve the environment through a reduction in particulate emission damage, CO2 emissions, and energy consumption. This verifies the validity of the findings for interpretation. To do so, the authors suggest providing incentives for producers to design and sell ICT products with a long lifespan, thus reducing the 'churn rate'. In the second scenario, the report sees ICTs providing intelligent systems for recycling and other forms of recovery, thereby decreasing the waste that has to be disposed of or incinerated. In the end, this study concluded that ICT will reduce the overall amount of CO2 to be emitted over a 50-year time period. The effect of ICT on CO 2 emissions in emerging economies: does the level of income matters?. In a study by Narayan et al. It was also necessary to determine whether there is a cross-sectional dependence between the error terms of the model. Kawamoto, K. et al. Research has shown that the positive and negative effects of ICT on CO2 emissions can be related to a wide variety of factors. All rights reserved, MeSH Furthermore, these countries have much poorer electronic waste management capabilities. One of the most challenging issues in determining the relationship between ICT and the environment is how to measure ICT development. positive impact: A.) (2010), which reported that real GDP had a significant positive effect on long-term energy consumption in about 61% of the countries they studied. Sector CO2 and SOx emissions efficiency and investment: homogeneous vs heterogeneous estimates using the Italian NAMEA. Governments can also push for more energy efficiency through ICT by adopting policies that limit outdated technologies and processes.
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