Between 1562 and 1598, eight civil wars erupted as a result of these tensions. UN Human Rights Council, Resolution 16/18. A far more reasonable assessment based on the evidence is that between 25% and 30% of wars are religious. As a result, there has been a noticeable gap in response from the UN Security Council and international human rights mechanisms. The deaths these individuals caused were in civil wars and purges to maintain power. Religious identification of adult population in the U.S. 2022. See, for example, UN Security Council, Resolution 2499 (2019), S/RES/2499 (2019), November 15, 2019. Does religion cause war? The Myth That Religion is War's #1 Cause - blogos David, if Andrew Holt is correct, then isnt it appropriate to confess that your research was inadequate? In 2020, for the first time, the Pew Research Centers report on FoRB analyzed restrictions on religion by regime type. Encyclopedia of War vol. Required fields are marked *. Sunnis and Shia: Islam's ancient schism - BBC News A further 13.9 percent of Americans were White mainline . These seems to be an argument from the ability to read minds.. Careful not to take your hatred on CARM and Vox Day out on the facts. Of the 53 wars starting with A, classified in the body as religious, ONLY FIVE appear in the index under the Religious heading LESS THAN 10% ! The absolute number of war deaths has been declining since 1946. It actually emphasises the number of religious wars in the introduction and goes on in the body to identify 617 around 35%. The past decade has witnessed a sharp increase in violent sectarian or religious tensions. Despite their mutual agreement on the fundamentals of Islam and the teachings of the Quran, these two sects are at odds over who will lead the Muslim community after Muhammads death. The UK had the largest number of incidents with 131, while Turkey had the most fatalities (57). Do you have any data or methods you are using to determine what millions of people in history were thinking in their minds when they were fighting a war? Jesus did not send us to war. In February 2020, mobs killed over 50 people in attacks against Muslim neighborhoods in Delhi, with police either standing by or participating in the violence.9U.S. The same thing that triggers all crime, cruelty, loss of life, and other such things. The devastation of World War I loomed in the background for Americans when war began in Europe in September 1939 and when the United States moved to assist Britain prior to entering the war in December 1941. If we cant determine the intention of the idiot that started the war, we cant be sure about the 6%, the 6.7%, the 7% or the 35%. 1 Definitions 2 Applicability of religion to war 3 Prevalence 4 Holy war concepts in religious traditions Toggle Holy war concepts in religious traditions subsection 4.1 Ancient warfare and polytheism 4.2 Christianity 4.3 Hinduism 4.4 Islam 4.5 Judaism 4.6 Shinto 4.7 Sikhism 5 Antiquity 6 Middle Ages Toggle Middle Ages subsection Researchers observe a positive correlation between restrictions on FoRB and violent conflict, though there is not strong evidence for causality.18See Matthias Basedau and Johanna Schaefer-Kehnert, Religious Discrimination and Religious Armed Conflict in Sub-Saharan Africa: An Obvious Relationship?, Religion, State & Society 47, no. If we use his defense and apply it to christianity. Earlier (medieval) wars also frequently cited as "religious wars" include the Muslim conquests (7th to 19th centuries) and the Christian . 31. China, Pakistan Targeted on Persecution of Religious Minorities at UNSC Meet,. The European wars of religion of the 16th and 17th centuries are the classical example, often referred to simply as "the wars of religion". Special Rapporteur on Freedom of Religion or Belief, A/HRC/37/49: Report on State-Religion Relationships and Their Impact on Freedom of Religion or Belief, March 2018, UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights, https://www.ohchr.org/EN/Issues/FreedomReligion/Pages/ReportStateReligionRelationships.aspx, para. In fact there are literally hundreds of religious wars not included in the index, but emphatically identified as such in the body of the text. It is not. I have repeatedly advised the source of your claim I still see no apologies or corrections from him. I agree with Dennis. It is generally characterized by extreme violence, destruction, and mortality, using regular or irregular military forces. A second scholarly source, The Encyclopedia of War edited by Gordon Martel, confirms this data, concluding that only 6% of the wars listed in its pages can be labelled religious wars. . The book also does not talk about The Crusades in Africa. War - Wikipedia This is predicated on the false (sic) assumption that the index lists all the wars that the body of the text has identified as religious. Non-State Actors, accessed January 12, 2020, https://www.uscirf.gov/publications/did-you-knownon-state-actors. I think perhaps, as tempting as it would be, I will not be using these number in discussions with atheists. Research also points to the idea that the politicization of religion can result in more intense violence between religious groups.29Matthias Basedau, Johannes Vllers, and Peter Krner, What Drives Inter-Religious Violence? Even so Denis, I doubt atheist will still reference this. 10.1080/1057610X.2013.823761. Before 2000, it was nationalist separatist terrorist organisations such as the IRA and Chechen rebels who were behind the most attacks. such as ethno-linguistic group, nationality, political affiliation, sexual orientation, or gender identity. Over the past decade, terrorists killed an average of 26,000 people worldwide each year. What is the Primary Cause of War? And that the communist ideology cant be blamed for the fact that Stalin, Lenin, PolPot and Mao abused the name of the ideology. What percentage of wars have been caused by religion as opposed to expansionism geopolitical or otherwise? (modern). Thanks, Do you have any data to support that wars have a religious cause above the 7% indicated?. Exploring The Pros And Cons Of Physical Education In Junior High Schools. what are some examples of religious conflicts? Such framing acknowledges the connection between restrictions on FoRB and armed conflict, making a compelling argument for continued action on this issue. The Pew Research Center defines interreligious violence as acts of sectarian or communal violence between religious groups. Pew Research Center. From their list of 1,763 wars, only 123 have been classified as involving a religious cause, accounting for less than 7 percent of all wars and less than 2 percent of all war deaths, the rabbi concludes. 3 (September 2001): 295-320, https://doi.org/10.1177/146879680100100302. Commission on International Religious Freedom, Annual Report 2020, April 2020, https://www.uscirf.gov/sites/default/files/USCIRF%202020%20Annual%20Report_Final_42920.pdf, p. 20. The rabbi concludes, "From their list of 1,763 wars only 123 have been classified to involve a religious cause, accounting for less than 7 percent of all wars and less than 2 percent of. The index heading is not complete and doesnt claim to be. Yes, Hitler killed many people, and the german church fully supported him. When examining how religion-related conflict develops, research shows that conflict actors may use religion or belief in order to define targets, motivate violence, and sustain conflict. Many members of the clergy realized in the wake of World War I that they had been duped by propaganda, and they . With respect to risks that can trigger conflict, high inequalities between groups, such as in politics, economics, security, justice, and social services, can intensify grievances and lead to conflict.26Henk-Jan Brinkman, Larry Attree, and Saa Hezir, Addressing Horizontal Inequalities as Drivers of Conflict in the Post-2015 Development Agenda, Saferworld, 2013, https://gsdrc.org/document-library/addressing-horizontal-inequalities-as-drivers-of-conflict-in-the-post-2015-development-agenda/. Yes that is a list of SOME of the religious wars identified in the encyclopedia itself. The only logical rational conclusion is that the index heading merely states these wars are religious nowhere does it state that This is a comprehensive listing of all the religious wars identified in the body of the encyclopedia. Do we count all the attacks of muslims on Europe as different wars? Vox Day thought a couple of others should be added so he added two more, but the Encyclopedia (again, in the index) categorizes 121 of the conflicts it considers as religious wars. Similarly, resolutions on terrorism and violent extremism rightly assert that neither should be associated with any particular religion or nationality. Today, that right is being tested by rising or sustained violence against persons on the basis of religion and beliefa threat that is largely underrecognized by the international community, even as new data show increases in many types of such violence. Since 2001 religious extremism has overtaken national separatism to become the main driver of terrorist attacks around the world, according to the Global Terrorism Index. Religious extremism main cause of terrorism, according to report Yes the volume cited by theists to answer the question on religious wars identifies 35% of wars as being religious !! The Pew Research Center defines religion-related terrorism as politically motivated violence against noncombatants by subnational groups or clandestine agents with a religious justification or intent. Pew Research Center, Appendix D, p. 87. Research and human rights organizations also widely consider the forced internment of predominantly Muslim Uyghurs in China16Lauren Baillie and Rachel Vandenbrink, China: The International Community Is Failing Xinjiangs Uyghurs, United States Institute of Peace, December 30, 2020, https://www.usip.org/publications/2020/12/china-international-community-failing-xinjiangs-uyghurs. You misrepresented the Encyclopedia of Wars, which in fact does list 121 wars as religious. Where Can You Seek Stock Investment Education? Religion as the Cause of War? - CARM.ORG If we are looking at copyrighted material posted on the internet without permission from the owner of the copyright, are we not stealing? Lets look at the case of William III the Dutch king of England. 3. Compared to the Human Rights Council and the General Assembly, the Security Council has traditionally had little direct engagement with the FoRB agenda. Holts thoughtful and better-cited response, allowing God to be prejudiced on our behalf, What Causes Wars? Jewish Revolts Appendices D and F in Samirah Majumdar and Virginia Villa. Time to take down this article. Religion, World War II | Encyclopedia.com Churches, mosques, hotels, and other related businesses as well as vehicles, private homes, etc., have been destroyed in the disaster. A large number of people have been killed, injured, and maimed during violent religious conflicts. 3). The issue brief then summarizes important actions the UN has taken to prevent and counter violence based on religion or belief. The Golden Rule It is often claimed that religion causes conflict and war. Any resolution or presidential statement would have to get past Chinas and Russias objectionsand in order to meet that bar, the text would likely be relatively toothless. Renate Ysseldyk, Kimberly Matheson, and Hymie Anisman, Religiosity as Identity: Toward an Understanding of Religion from a Social Identity Perspective,, Matthias Basedau, Birte Pfeiffer, and Johannes Vllers, Bad Religion? To demonstrate this point, let's look at the 20th century. Sikh Wars. The relationship between FoRB restrictions and violent conflict also has important implications for whether and how the UN Security Council, which deals with threats to international peace and security, should engage with the FoRB agendaa question addressed in subsequent sections. For example, though ethnic conflicts usually incorporate a religious aspect, research shows that the primary causes are often non-religious in nature.25Jonathan Fox, Clash of Civilizations or Clash of Religions: Which Is a More Important Determinant of Ethnic Conflict? Ethnicities 1, no. The dismissal of a plan to wipe out more than $400 billion in student debt has dashed the hopes of tens of millions of borrowers. So how many does A&P list as Religious Wars 617 35% !!! Andrew Holt "It is somewhat trite, but nevertheless sadly true, to say that more wars have been waged, more people killed, and these days more evil perpetrated in the name of religion than by any other institutional force in human history." . Is Religion The Cause of Most Wars? Does The Bible Indicate - Patheos Building on the previous sections summary of trends, this section outlines the available scholarship on whether and how FoRB restrictions are linked to violent conflict, in order to examine FoRB through a security lens. Religion, Collective Action, and the Onset of Armed Conflict in Developing Countries, Journal of Conflict Resolution 60, no. Despite these drawbacks, we argue that greater action by the Council on this issue (complemented by stronger action at the Human Rights Council and the General Assembly on the full FoRB agenda) could help support the Security Councils primary role in preventing and responding to conflict, as well as in supporting measures for accountability, human rights, and upholding the UN Charter. Furthermore, these trends overlap with the issue of violent extremism, and could better inform efforts of the sanctions committees and efforts to prevent financing and support to terrorist groups. Most wars are fought for expansionism and greed. Risks of conflict over religious incompatibilities include grievances over religious discrimination, incitement to violence by religious leaders, and an overall confrontational discourse on religion.30Basedau, Pfeiffer, and Vllers. With the landmarkResolution 16/18 (2011), theHuman Rights Councilset an ambitious agenda for combatingintolerance, negative stereotyping andstigmatisationof, and discrimination, incitement to violence, and violence against, persons based on religion or belief. This resolution urged member states, among other things, to speak out against incitement to violence, and criminalize incitement to immediate violence based on religion or belief. Findings "According to the Encyclopedia of Wars, out of all 1,763 known/recorded historical conflicts, 123, or 6.98%, had religion as their primary cause." The Wise Guy agrees with historians who observe that in most conflicts it is difficult to separate and weigh "religious" factors compared with ethnic, political, and economic factors. Ewelina U. Ochab, After Years of Impunity for Mass Atrocities, Nigeria Faces a New Wave of Violence by a Daesh Affiliated Group,, See Matthias Basedau and Johanna Schaefer-Kehnert, Religious Discrimination and Religious Armed Conflict in Sub-Saharan Africa: An Obvious Relationship?,. In order to sustain conflict, actors may strategically exploit existing religious cleavages to justify violence, gain more allies, or harness the power and resources of religious infrastructure. All rights reserved. No muslim could claim that he knows what his omniscient Allah wants. The Russian Revolution of 1762 is described as a revolt by Catherine against her husband who had undermined Russian national solidarity by attempting to impose on the Russian Orthodox Church his own Lutheran beliefs and practices. In March of 624 A.D., the first major battle occurred when Prophet Muhammad led some 300 warriors in a raid on a Meccan merchant caravan at Badr. In recent years, the annual death toll tends to be less than 100,000. Religion-related mass atrocities identified by the Special Rapporteur on FoRB to be of particular concern include violence targeting Muslim communities in the Central African Republic, predominantly Muslim Rohingya communities in Myanmar, and Yazidi communities in Iraq.15Special Rapporteur on Freedom of Religion or Belief, A/75/385: Report on Safeguarding Freedom of Religion or Belief for the Successful Implementation of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, United Nations Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights, 16 October 2020, https://www.ohchr.org/EN/Issues/FreedomReligion/Pages/ReportFoRBandSDGs.aspx, para. I am reviewing entries D to Z and will update my findings when complete. Charlemagnes conquests are described as having an objective of The creation of the Holy Roman Empire but this does not appear in the index as a Religious War. 1. The divide between Sunnis and Shia is the largest and oldest in the history of Islam. Lessons from Nigeria, Cte dIvoire, and Tanzania,, Steven L. Neuberg, Carolyn M. Warner, Stephen A. Mistler, Anna Berlin, Eric D. Hill, Jordan D. Johnson, Gabrielle Filip-Crawford, et al., Religion and Intergroup Conflict: Findings from the Global Group Relations Project,. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); This site uses Akismet to reduce spam. 31. About 6-10% of all wars considered have significant or predominantly religious causes. In the 1981 UN Declaration, the General Assembly asserted that the disregard and infringement of human rights and fundamental freedoms, in particular of the right to freedom of thought, conscience, religion or whatever belief, have brought, directly or indirectly, wars and great suffering to mankind.35Declaration on the Elimination of All Forms of Intolerance and of Discrimination Based on Religion or Belief in UN General Assembly, Resolution 36/55, A/RES/36/55, November 25, 1981, para. Stalin knew this well as he restored Christianity during World War II to help bolster the war effort. These seems to be an argument from the ability to read minds. In light of these research findings, policymakers should avoid broad generalizations about the role of religion or belief in either driving or preventing conflict, nor should they assume a causal relationship between restrictions on religion or belief and violent conflict. Does religion cause wars? | Is there a God? 123, or 6 out of every 1,763 known or recorded historical conflicts, have been referred to as war. . It seems to me that there is zero evidence that when Communists in one way or another killed 100 million people, that the soldiers thought they were really doing it for God, or that Nazi soldiers were killing for their strongly held religious beliefs rather than German Nationalism, or that WW1 soldiers were fighting for their various beliefs about Christendom as opposed to their national identity and love of their Kaiser, arch-duke and all that stuff, or that The Civil War wasnt really about things like abolition or restoring the Union, but the Soldiers were really driven to war because of their religious beliefs. Let me know if I missed any! Selective Pacifism - only when the individual thinks the cause is just. Minorities whose religious or belief practice is a prominent feature of their public life are more likely to direct aggression against their more powerful and advantaged counterparts in comparison to minority groups that take a private view on religious practice.31Steven L. Neuberg, Carolyn M. Warner, Stephen A. Mistler, Anna Berlin, Eric D. Hill, Jordan D. Johnson, Gabrielle Filip-Crawford, et al., Religion and Intergroup Conflict: Findings from the Global Group Relations Project, Psychological Science 25, no. Fought after the Protestant Reformation began in 1517, the wars disrupted the religious and political order in the Catholic countries of Europe, or Christendom.Other motives during the wars involved revolt, territorial ambitions and great power conflicts. Special Rapporteur on Freedom of Religion or Belief, A/75/385, para. In some years in the early post-war era, around half a million people died through direct violence in wars. It was highly destructive for Muslims and Christians to have a relationship in the Middle Ages. Overall, efforts by the Human Rights Council, General Assembly, and Security Council to prevent and combat violence based on religion or belief could benefit from greater member state attention and leadership. If we look at the motive, we might say so. I found this page because Ray Comfort used these numbers in a sermon and I wished to verify them thinking they could be useful. Next, it unpacks the links between restrictions on FoRB and violent conflict, and highlights conflict risks around religion or belief. Liberal historians agree that wars are caused by conservatives. Isis rebel militant soldiers on the frontline. Further thanks go to the participants of the closed-door expert workshop Violence Based on Religion or Belief: Opportunities for UN Action, held on November 20, 2020 by the Stimson Center. The previous section described recent actions by the UN to protect FoRB, but these actions have proven insufficient to address growing violence related to religion or belief. Protestants and Roman Catholics fought wars in France between 1562 and 98. Do you have any data to support that wars have a religious cause above the 7% indicated? or where the state displays aggression toward religious minorities or dissenting persons in the religious majority.20U.S. Part of Religious Studies Morals, ethics and philosophy Religious. Top 10 World's Major Religious Wars | How Africa News Everything You Need to Know About The Pros and Cons of Using Disposable Vapes, Mandatory Or Not? In 2019, the General Assembly adopted two additional resolutionson violence based on religion or belief. BBC - Ethics - War: Holy wars But we have to keep in mind that there is a difference between the claim (William III) and the intention. There were many periods of persecution of Jews in Europe during the sixteenth- and seventeenth-century, religious conflicts between Catholics and Protestants in Japan during the seventeenth-century, Mormons were expelled from Missouri and Illinois in the 1840s, and the Branch Davidian conflagration occurred in the nineteenth. The book lists some wars as (for example) Religion, Sixth and Seventh Wars of these have been counted as two wars, but have only one entry. The Christians and Muslims fought a number of wars, betrayed each other, broke the agreements, and slaughtered millions of people as a result. They pushed the rhetoric of Religion being the cause of MOST wars so far that anything less will make them seem ingenious. Christians have had diverse attitudes towards violence and nonviolence over time. The report recorded 18,000 deaths in 2013, a rise of 60% on the previous year. But for the countries being attacked it was just another oppressor who happened to push his religion on the conquered land. And as you have a copy of the volumes (so do I ) IT CEARLY EMPHASISES THE RELIGIOUS CAUSES OF THOSE WARS. The Security Council has greater authority to compel action with its resolutions, but has only recently taken very modest steps to recognize the security dimensions of FoRB. In one decade, the number of countries that experienced 50 or more injuries or deaths from religion-related terrorism increased by 24 countries, from eight countries in 2007 to 32 countries in 2017. It has a religious claim in it, but a claim for the Jewish people as well. The governments of China and Russia have both imposed high levels of FoRB restrictions on their own populations, and both hold veto power on the Council. Violence Based on Religion or Belief: Taking Action at the United Nations Rising levels of violence based on religion or belief worldwide reveal opportunities for UN action to better prevent and respond to such violence By Aditi Gorur Julie Gregory In Human Rights & IHL January 22, 2021 and the targeting of Christians by Boko Haram in Nigeria17Ewelina U. Ochab, After Years of Impunity for Mass Atrocities, Nigeria Faces a New Wave of Violence by a Daesh Affiliated Group, Forbes, February 20, 2020, https://www.forbes.com/sites/ewelinaochab/2020/02/20/after-years-of-impunity-for-mass-atrocities-nigeria-faces-a-new-wave-of-violence-by-a-daesh-affiliated-group/?sh=565e367b77c7. It does not consider those warsthis is where Europeans came to convert locals to Christianity. Home About Me Has Religion Been a Chief Cause of Wars Throughout History?
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